DTOs or Data Transfer Objects are objects that carry data between processes in order to reduce the number of methods calls. The pattern was first introduced by Martin Fowler in his book EAA.

Fowler explained that the pattern's main purpose is to reduce roundtrips to the server by batching up multiple parameters in a single call. This reduces the network overhead in such remote operations.

Another benefit is the encapsulation of the serialization's logic (the mechanism that translates the object structure and data to a specific format that can be stored and transferred). It provides a single point of change in the serialization nuances. It also decouples the domain models from the presentation layer, allowing both to change independently.

https://www.baeldung.com/java-dto-pattern