Scheme: This refers to a non-empty sequence of characters followed by a colon (:). scheme starts with a letter and is followed by any combination of digits, letters, periods (.), hyphens (-), or plus characters (+).Scheme examples include HTTP, HTTPS, MAILTO, FILE, FTP, and more. URI schemes must be registered with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).

Authority: This is an optional field and is preceded by //. It consists of the following optional subfields:a. Userinfo: This is a subcomponent that might contain a username and a password, which are both optional.b. Host: This is a subcomponent containing either an IP address or a registered host or domain name.c. Port: This is an optional subcomponent that is followed by a colon (:).

Path: A path contains a sequence of segments separated by slash characters (/). In the preceding GitHub REST API example, /licenses is the path.

Query: This is an optional component and is preceded by a question mark (?). The query component contains a query string of non-hierarchical data. Each parameter is separated by an ampersand (&) in the query component and parameter values are assigned using an equals (=) operator.

Fragment: This is an optional field and is preceded by a hash (#). The fragment component includes a fragment identifier that gives direction to a secondary resource.